Demise of the Great Democracy Essays -- Education

Demise of the Great countryFrom the Declaration of Independence, where Americas forefathers had bounties on their lives to the fight for integration in 1960- America strives to create fit opportunities deep down its boundaries. Land of the Free and Land of Opportunity, rightfully earned names America hold. Keeping the opportunities rolling, the G.I. Bill allowed war veterans to attend college at an affordable rate, crowing all(prenominal) person a chance to attain their full potential, no matter their situation. Unfortunately, an educational gap still continued to stabilize, sending America into the manpower of literate voters and a questionable future. The current solution to this gap, called the No Child Left Behind Act, (NCLB), insists that schools use standardized tests to show improvement in students distributively year. These tests seek to stitch-up the educational gap but fails overall because it pushes the best and the brightest students down to an average level of a nation ranked number forty-two in literacy in the world, (Mundi Index). While the No Child Left Behind Act delivers more accountability on education systems, and has a great intention of ameliorate students to a proficient level, it also causes a detrimental, disadvantageous, and stunting growth of our democratic nation.Revised as The No Child left Behind Act, the Elementary and supplementary pedagogy Act of 1965, presented in President Lyndon B. Johnsons War on Poverty, aimed to reduce the nations high poverty rate during 1965, (US Government). Closing the consummation gaps between the economical classes of Americas by providing equal opportunity provided the Elementary and Secondary Education Acts (ESEA) goal. President Johnson only authorise this form until 1970,... ...p//www.nagc.org/index2.aspx?id=548.No Child Left Behind Act. New York Times. 9 2 2012 n. page. Web. 13 Mar. 2012. .Phelps, Richard P. Defending Standardized Testing. Introduction. Mahwah Lawrence Erlbaum Ass ociates Publishers, 2005.Pollard, Jonathan. StandardizedTesting.net. 2002. January 2012 .US Government. U.S. Department of Education. 6 12 2010. January 2012 .US Legal. USlegal.com. n.d. February 2012 .White, Deborah. Pros & Cons of the No Child Left Behind Act. US Liberal Politics . New York Times Company, n.d. Web. 14 Mar 2012. . Demise of the Great Democracy Essays -- EducationDemise of the Great DemocracyFrom the Declaration of Independence, where Americas forefathers had bounties on their lives to the fight for integration in 1960- America strives to create equal opportunities within its boundaries. Land of the Free and Land of Opportunity, rightfully earned names America hold. Keeping the opportunities rolling, the G.I. Bill allowed war veterans to attend college at an affordable rate, giving every person a chance to attain their full potential, no matter their situation. Unfortunately, an educational gap still continued to stabilize, sending America into the h ands of literate voters and a questionable future. The current solution to this gap, called the No Child Left Behind Act, (NCLB), insists that schools use standardized tests to show improvement in students each year. These tests attempt to stitch-up the educational gap but fails overall because it pushes the best and the brightest students down to an average level of a nation ranked number forty-two in literacy in the world, (Mundi Index). While the No Child Left Behind Act delivers more accountability on education systems, and has a great intention of improving students to a proficient level, it also causes a detrimental, disadvantageous, and stunting growth of our democratic nation.Revised as The No Child left Behind Act, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, presented in President Lyndon B. Johnsons War on Poverty, aimed to reduce the nations high poverty rate during 1965, (US Government). Closing the achievement gaps between the economical classes of Americas by pr oviding equal opportunity provided the Elementary and Secondary Education Acts (ESEA) goal. President Johnson only authorized this act until 1970,... ...p//www.nagc.org/index2.aspx?id=548.No Child Left Behind Act. New York Times. 9 2 2012 n. page. Web. 13 Mar. 2012. .Phelps, Richard P. Defending Standardized Testing. Introduction. Mahwah Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 2005.Pollard, Jonathan. StandardizedTesting.net. 2002. January 2012 .US Government. U.S. Department of Education. 6 12 2010. January 2012 .US Legal. USlegal.com. n.d. February 2012 .White, Deborah. Pros & Cons of the No Child Left Behind Act. US Liberal Politics . New York Times Company, n.d. Web. 14 Mar 2012. .

Food Poisoning :: essays research papers

You know, when you eat an egg, and it doesnt taste right, look right or smell right? Well that mode that it could be contaminated with a dangerous substance (Like Chelsea). Food poisoning is the result of ingesting organisms or toxins in your food. Food poisoning can affect i person, or it can occur as an outbreak among several people who all(prenominal) ate the same thing. Even though food poisoning is instead r ar in North America, 60 to 80 million people get affected by food poisoning each year, and 6 to 8 million die from it each year. It mainly occurs at picnics, school cafeterias, or at big social events, like parties with food at them. These are all cases where food is contaminated by something, or it isnt prepared correctly. Most of the time, people get contaminated by under-cooked meats or expired dairy products. Bacterias also travail deadly poisoning. Most cases are caused by common bacteria (see Jonathans speech) like Staphylococcus or E. coli. The main evil ones ar e Staph Aureus, E. coli enteritis, salmonella, shigella, campy lobacter, cholera, botulism, listeria, barn cereus and yersina (gee, funny names). Kids (like me) and the elderly, (like Mr. Bark), and people with diabetes, heart disorders or kidney disease, have a much higher chance of having deadly symptoms from bacteria in our food. In places like Africa, there are many more diseases that can affect Canadians, because there are many bacterias that our bodies arent used to. It is also warmer and there are lots of insects that can carry the diseases around. And now for the symptoms of being poisoned (this is my favorite part). Depending on what exactly your stupid brain told you to eat, the symptoms vary.

Natural Order and Phenomena in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay -- Macbeth 2

Is t nights predominance or the days shame / That darkness does the face of Earth entomb / When living unmortgaged should pet it? (Macbeth 2.4.9-11). The reversal of night and day in William Shakespeares Macbeth represents a reversal far more permanent and un inhering that of a nations hierarchy. When the title character makes the tragical ending to commit regicide and begin a dishonest ascent to kingship, the destruction of the natural order of Scotland commences, and this turn of events is reflected by the violent reaction of natural phenomena in the country. William Shakespeare, as an author contracted by King James I, sought to preserve a conservative monarchical system, promote the philosophy of the Divine respectable of Kings, and disport his patron through Macbeth Pairing Macbeths murder of Scotlands King Duncan with a series of unnatural events, Shakespeare illustrates to audiences the severity of such a crime and the displeasure of personality and immortal with i ts perpetrator. The use of violent natural imagination in Macbeth solidifies a monarchs place as the divinely appointed leader of a nation by displaying Gods disquietude with Macbeth, embodying the interruption of a nations natural hierarchy, striking terror into the hearts of those disloyal to their monarch, and portraying the witches as supernatural forces of evil upon Earth.In order to see to it Macbeths historic context, one must examine the political culture of the reign of King James I Stuart. James reigned over Scotland from 1567 to 1625 and England from 1603 to 1625, and was the first of a curl up of monarchs claiming a divine right to rule (BBC). As the first ruler of a consolidated Kingdom of Great Britain, James issued public statements affirming his... ...ial conservatism and makes for interest analysis. on the button as an eclipse darkens the sun, regicide creates a series of events that reverses the natural order of a divine right monarchy, and William Shakes peare effectively illustrates this idea through the use of natural imagery in Macbeth.Works CitedBBC - History - Historic Figures James I and VI (1566 - 1625). BBC History. BBC, 2011. Web. 08 Apr. 2011. .Kreis, Steven. James I, Speeches to Parliament (1609). The History Guide. 12 May 2004. Web. 08 Apr. 2011. .McDonald, Russ. The Bedford Companion to Shakespeare an initiation with Documents. capital of Massachusetts Bedford/St. Martins, 2001. Print.Shakespeare, William, and Sylan Barnet. Macbeth. New York Signet Classics, 1998. Print. Natural Order and Phenomena in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay -- Macbeth 2Is t nights predominance or the days shame / That darkness does the face of Earth entomb / When living light should kiss it? (Macbeth 2.4.9-11). The reversal of night and day in William Shakespeares Macbeth represents a reversal far more permanent and unnatural that of a nations hierarchy. When the title character makes the tragic decision to commit regicide and begi n a dishonest ascent to kingship, the destruction of the natural order of Scotland commences, and this turn of events is reflected by the violent reaction of natural phenomena in the country. William Shakespeare, as an author contracted by King James I, sought to preserve a conservative monarchical system, promote the philosophy of the Divine Right of Kings, and please his patron through Macbeth Pairing Macbeths murder of Scotlands King Duncan with a series of unnatural events, Shakespeare illustrates to audiences the severity of such a crime and the displeasure of nature and God with its perpetrator. The use of violent natural imagery in Macbeth solidifies a monarchs place as the divinely appointed leader of a nation by displaying Gods consternation with Macbeth, embodying the interruption of a nations natural hierarchy, striking terror into the hearts of those disloyal to their monarch, and portraying the witches as supernatural forces of evil upon Earth.In order to understand Macbeths historical context, one must examine the political culture of the reign of King James I Stuart. James reigned over Scotland from 1567 to 1625 and England from 1603 to 1625, and was the first of a wave of monarchs claiming a divine right to rule (BBC). As the first ruler of a consolidated Kingdom of Great Britain, James issued public statements affirming his... ...ial conservatism and makes for interesting analysis. Just as an eclipse darkens the sun, regicide creates a series of events that reverses the natural order of a divine right monarchy, and William Shakespeare effectively illustrates this idea through the use of natural imagery in Macbeth.Works CitedBBC - History - Historic Figures James I and VI (1566 - 1625). BBC History. BBC, 2011. Web. 08 Apr. 2011. .Kreis, Steven. James I, Speeches to Parliament (1609). The History Guide. 12 May 2004. Web. 08 Apr. 2011. .McDonald, Russ. The Bedford Companion to Shakespeare an Introduction with Documents. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2001. Print.Shakespeare, William, and Sylan Barnet. Macbeth. New York Signet Classics, 1998. Print.

Loss of Identity in the Techno-Culture Essay -- Clubbing Partying Tech

I began my inquiry into the techno-sublime by keying the term techno-sublime into Googe to see if the term had been coined before. Whilst in that respect was no exact match, the first identify that opened was http//www.sublime.net.au/chillout.html, The Chillout . clubbing is a planetary consume. I had long been interested in the event of the techno-dance p wiley, that total atrocious experience where there is a discover of individuality and a loss of individual boundaries as I expire part of the collective techno-experience. It was uncanny to hazard myself at this site in inquisition of the techno-sublime and yet it was precisely this exstasis or loss of identity in the face of the awesomeness of the techno-experience that was central to my understanding of the experience of the techno-sublime.1 Ben Malbons (1999) study, unite Dancing, Ecstacy and Vitality, has proved invaluable in providing deem for my elaboration of the techno-sublime. Whilst Malbons thesis is different f rom my own, the responses of some of his respondents as well as his own diary entries have bring very important in supporting my thesis that there is a loss of identity or estasis within the picky experience of techno-culture that is clubbing. Thus in a diary entry, titled 4 a.m. - lost(p) for words, lost in time and space, just lost., Malbon writes We each(prenominal) seemed to want the music to take us over to become us in some way.. Clubbers were losing it all over the place ... people are just so close to each other proximately and emotionally.. The intensity of this federation of motions and emotions was almost overwhelming. (Malbon 1999xii) This diary entry, in particular, speaks of an experience in which his sense of identity and rationality is subsum... ...nd vitality, London Routledge.Newman, Barnett (1948) The Sublime is now in Harrison, C.Wood, P. (ed) (1994) Art in theory 1900 - 1990 an anthology of changing ideas, Oxford, Blackwell 572-574.Nye, D.E. (1994) Ameri can Technological Sublime, Cambridge Mass MIT Press.Storr, A. (1992) symphony and the Mind, London Harper Collins.Notes1I had begun my inquiry into the techno-sublime by arguing that in creative practice there occurs a particular flux that I have termed workings hot. When one is working hot, I have argued, the performance produces a dynamical relation where the work of art performs rather than represents. In this space, or state, I argued there is exstasis, or a loss of identity.2 My elaboration of the techno-sublime has been informed by Christine Battersbys and Barbara Freemans theorization of the feminine sublime. Loss of identity in the Techno-Culture Essay -- Clubbing Partying TechI began my inquiry into the techno-sublime by keying the term techno-sublime into Googe to see if the term had been coined before. Whilst there was no exact match, the first site that opened was http//www.sublime.net.au/chillout.html, The Chillout . clubbing is a planetary experien ce. I had long been interested in the event of the techno-dance party, that total awesome experience where there is a collapse of individuality and a loss of individual boundaries as I become part of the collective techno-experience. It was uncanny to find myself at this site in search of the techno-sublime and yet it was precisely this exstasis or loss of identity in the face of the awesomeness of the techno-experience that was central to my understanding of the experience of the techno-sublime.1 Ben Malbons (1999) study, Clubbing Dancing, Ecstacy and Vitality, has proved invaluable in providing support for my elaboration of the techno-sublime. Whilst Malbons thesis is different from my own, the responses of some of his respondents as well as his own diary entries have become very important in supporting my thesis that there is a loss of identity or estasis within the particular experience of techno-culture that is clubbing. Thus in a diary entry, titled 4 a.m. - lost for words, lo st in time and space, just lost., Malbon writes We all seemed to want the music to take us over to become us in some way.. Clubbers were losing it all over the place ... people are just so close to each other proximately and emotionally.. The intensity of this fusion of motions and emotions was almost overwhelming. (Malbon 1999xii) This diary entry, in particular, speaks of an experience in which his sense of identity and rationality is subsum... ...nd vitality, London Routledge.Newman, Barnett (1948) The Sublime is now in Harrison, C.Wood, P. (ed) (1994) Art in theory 1900 - 1990 an anthology of changing ideas, Oxford, Blackwell 572-574.Nye, D.E. (1994) American Technological Sublime, Cambridge Mass MIT Press.Storr, A. (1992) Music and the Mind, London Harper Collins.Notes1I had begun my inquiry into the techno-sublime by arguing that in creative practice there occurs a particular flux that I have termed working hot. When one is working hot, I have argued, the performance produce s a dynamical relation where the work of art performs rather than represents. In this space, or state, I argued there is exstasis, or a loss of identity.2 My elaboration of the techno-sublime has been informed by Christine Battersbys and Barbara Freemans theorization of the feminine sublime.

Allen Ginsberg :: essays research papers

Allen Ginsberg Allen Ginsberg was born in Newark, New Jersey on June 3, 1926. His father, Louis Ginsberg, was a published poet and a high school teacher. His let, Naomi, was a radical Communist, paranoid, psychotic, and died in a mental institution in 1956. Ginsberg also had a brother who became a lawyer in Paterson, New Jersey. Ginsbergs childhood was very complicated. Ginsbergs mother only trusted him and thought that the rest of the family and the world was plotting against her. Ginsberg attended Columbia college to become a lawyer as his father had planned. However, Ginsbergs new crowd at Columbia did not encourage him in his studies, and he got suspended from Columbia for various small offenses. He experimented with marijuana, and crused gay bars. Himself and his friends believed that they were working towards some winning of uncertain but great poetic vision, which he called the New Vision. But all of the joyful craziness with his friends it was symbolizing the real crazine ss of his mother. Knowing that he was basically sane, Ginsberg embrassed a bizare lifestyle. This all changed as he entered a straight phase after his arrest and imprisonment. Ginsberg started to date a woman named Helen Parker and began a muse as a marketing researcher. However this straight phase did not last long, as he met Carl Solomon in the waiting room of a psychiatric hospital. Ginsberg had many other occupations besides writing poetry. Such as a dishwasher, a welder, and an editor. He was the first Beat writer to gain popularity when he wrote his storied poem Howl. Ginsberg followed Howl with several other of import new poems, such as sunflower sutra. Ginsberg had many influences on his writings. One major and very important influence was his mother. His mother was the main topic for the poem Kaddish, which describes his mothers insanity and death. Jack Kerouac and William S. Burroughs also had an impact on Ginsbergs writings. Ginsberg used Kerouacs methods of spontaneou s composition and expressing poems through music. Burroughs introduced Ginsberg to the druggy-gay-hipster lifestyle. These three are said to be the founders of the beat generation. Ginsberg also borrowed Walt Whitman and William Blakes ordinary and unrhymed style and do it his own. Another influence on his writing was the time period. The 1960s were a period when people started to become aware of government doings. This led the people who disapproved to protest.

Allen Ginsberg :: essays research papers

Allen Ginsberg Allen Ginsberg was born in Newark, New Jersey on June 3, 1926. His father, Louis Ginsberg, was a published poet and a high aim teacher. His mother, Naomi, was a radical Communist, paranoid, psychotic, and died in a mental institution in 1956. Ginsberg also had a brother who became a lawyer in Paterson, New Jersey. Ginsbergs childhood was very complicated. Ginsbergs mother only trusted him and thought that the rest of the family and the world was plotting against her. Ginsberg attended Columbia college to become a lawyer as his father had planned. However, Ginsbergs new crowd at Columbia did not encourage him in his studies, and he got suspended from Columbia for various small offenses. He experimented with marijuana, and crused gay bars. Himself and his friends believed that they were working towards some kind of uncertain but great poetic vision, which he called the New Vision. But all of the joyful craziness with his friends it was typify the real craziness of his mother. Knowing that he was basically sane, Ginsberg embrassed a bizare lifestyle. This all changed as he entered a straight phase after his arrest and imprisonment. Ginsberg started to ascertain a woman named Helen Parker and began a job as a marketing researcher. However this straight phase did not last long, as he met Carl Solomon in the waiting room of a psychiatric hospital. Ginsberg had many other occupations besides writing poetry. Such as a dishwasher, a welder, and an editor. He was the first get to writer to gain popularity when he wrote his famous poem Howl. Ginsberg followed Howl with several other important new poems, such as sunflower sutra. Ginsberg had many influences on his writings. One major and very important influence was his mother. His mother was the main topic for the poem Kaddish, which describes his mothers insanity and death. Jack Kerouac and William S. Burroughs also had an intrusion on Ginsbergs writings. Ginsberg used Kerouacs methods of spontaneous composition and expressing poems through music. Burroughs introduced Ginsberg to the druggy-gay-hipster lifestyle. These three are said to be the founders of the beat generation. Ginsberg also borrowed Walt Whitman and William Blakes ordinary and unrhymed style and made it his own. Another influence on his writing was the time period. The 1960s were a period when people started to become aware(p) of government doings. This led the people who disapproved to protest.

International Foundation Year Macroeconomics Essay

Question 2a) Explain the meaning of the term pretension.A spacious with the development of society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that rising prices. Nevertheless, with the advance of the human civilization, the living standard increases gradually so the expenditure index and Retail Price Index (RPI) skip over gradually as well.Deep down, inflation fashion a persistent increase in all money prices over a period of clipping which is generally considered to bring courts to society is the form of material, political and psychological costs. Also, the increase must be sustained at some prize earlier there is inflation and when the price level increases steadily over time. pompousness that is to say, it is decrease in the purchasing power and all money prices to the same extent. In economic, inflation is measurementd as a percentage flip in the PRI over a given period of time, for example, if the RPI increases from 100 to 200 in a year, then inflation is said to have increased by 20% that year.In the UK, the Retail Prices Index is most commonly used measure of inflation. Because RPI is measure the cost of living index, it can reflex the money price level such as through the changes in the prices of goods in the shops by households. From the figure 1 illust valuate, which show the inflation from 1.9 per cent in 2001 to 3.2 per cent in 2003. Obviously, the inflation say in UK has increased 1.3 per cent from 2001 to 2003 under the RPI. Nevertheless, in the USA, the Consumer Prices Index (CPI) is ordinarily used to measure of inflation. In addition, GDP deflator can measure the average level of prices as well.Definitely, inflation is either great or slight variant in each year. In economic, weirdo inflation and hyperinflation are represent inflation as well. Actually, hyperinflation similarly as inflation but the meaning is soundless difference. Hyperinflation means extremely rapid inflation and the price increase so fast that money largely loses its convenience as a medium of exchange. However, creeping inflation is at moderate rates but persevering over long period.Annual Inflation Rates in UK 12 month % changeFigure 1 Source Office for National StatisticsTo avoid inflation and low inflation, this is a Macroeconomic Policys objective for a long time. This policy tries to affect the overall performance of the economy. In fact, people have an aversion to inflation. Due to inflation would cause costs of inflation and a bite of influences, for instance, redistributions hearts, uncertainty possible harming for long-term investment reduces the welfare of people, inflation tax, Balance of Payment, unemployment, damage a countrys competitiveness and create menu costs. Inflation indeed is a positive rate of growth of the general level and it is closely related to the unemployment.Question 2b) Distinguish between collect-pull and cost-push inflation.In economics, demand-pull and cost-push infla tion are completely difference. Moreover, they are played a principal role in each nation economic as well. Demand-pull inflation is contrasted with cost-push inflation. Demand-pull inflation means the price increase is transmitted from one sector to another but cost-push inflation means the wage increase is transmitted from one sector to another. Actually, demand-pull inflation describes how inflation starts and cost-push inflation describes why inflation once begun is so difficult to break short.Fist of all, demand-pull inflation is also call demand inflation. It exist is due to overabundance demand. It means that the resources are not completely sufficient the different regions and sectors of the economy. Demand inflation means the higher collect level of activity, the large proportion of areas and industries which experience excess demand for goods and labors of various sorts. Generally, we can know that increase in aggregate demand will cause higher prices and it bring to th e society of cost inflation as well.However, cost-push inflation is reverse of demand-pull inflation. Cost inflation is due to increase the factor input cost such as imported goods and raw materials so that cause to raise the prices or wage rates round the economy. Basically, the costs increase would cause the manufacturer to raise prices, soon afterwards, increases in prices cause workers to demand higher wages as well. So the cumulative effect of all these processes cause of passed on in higher prices to consumers and the cost-push inflation is extremely difficult to stop finally.Question 2c) Suggest how a governing might tackle inflation.In economics, there are four ways of dealing with inflation. Fist, government can conjoin tough incomes policies to keep inflation under say-so. Second, government can through institutional and constitutional reform to tackle inflation like as fiscal and pecuniary policies. Third, government can adopt indexing deal with inflation as well.One o f the suggestion might tackle inflation is incomes policies. The aim of incomes policy is the attempt to influence wages and other incomes directly. The methods included jawboning, wage-price guideposts, wage-price controls and tax-based incomes policy. Generally, jawboning means the government uses verbal admonitions against those who want to raise the prices of their products. For example, the supermarket in UK cannot increase the prices for all of goods under the government use verbal admonitions against. In addition, wage-price guideposts can restrain the inflation similarly, the government may set up standards for permissible wage and price increase for the privy sector to follow.For example, the government may intentionally reduce the wage increase for civil servants so that encourage other employers to control wage increase as well. It can jibe inflation efficiently. Moreover, the government can use tax-based incomes policy such as allow the private sector lower taxes for w ho follow the guideposts and hold water taxes for those who violate them. Furthermore, the government may use wage-price controls or freezes may lead to non-price competition. Basically, the government use of wage and price controls can keep prices and wages under their equilibrium levels. From the above, there are a number of goods suggestions for tackle inflation in income policies for the government.On the other hand, the government may change laws and institutions to make it bad for inflation to emerge. Actually, this way takes a long run view because it is not to concern with the temporary costs of first getting inflation down. Nevertheless, the objective is control how to keep inflation down. So the government can through controlling the Central Bank to pass a law permanently restricting the rate of nominal money growth to.Obviously, once the Central Bank going to rise in interest rates, the aggregate demand going to down naturally. afterward that, the inflation rate can b e controlled finally. In addition, unemployment get a closely relationship with inflation, government can adopt the fiscal and monetary policies to curb inflation at the cost of higher unemployment. As we know, once the country have a higher inflation rate so that lower unemployment rate will be accompanied. Conversely, once the country have higher unemployment rate, the lower inflation will be emerged. But this trade-off focuses attention on aggregate demand and disregards aggregate supply.From figure 2c, which express the price level decrease from P1 to P2 due to the Central Bank increase in interest rates, there is raise that once increase in interest rates would cause to decrease the aggregate demand as well. To put it more simply, there is also property that rise in interest rates may exert a downward pressure on prices.Figure 2c A rise in the rate of interest effect.Third, the government can adopt indexing to tackle inflation. Whereas indexation might automatically adjusts n ominal contracts for the effects of inflation, any unanticipated inflation and inflation effect can be tackled. For instance, wage rates, pensions, interest payments on bonds, income taxes and many other things can be indexed in this way. Indeed, the purpose of indexing is to reduce the social cost of inflation. However, everything has a good side and a bad side, and indexing is no exception. Some economists worry about that people would diminish the confidence combating inflation til now all prices and terms in contracts will be adjusted according to the price index. Historically, indexation has already been introduced in countries that have had to live with inflation rates of 30 or 40 per cent for years.Finally, there are many ways might tackle inflation for government. Income policies, institutional and constitutional reform with fiscal and monetary policies and indexing are the process to tackle inflation efficiently.

Two Sides of Imperialism

Imperialism in the 19th and 20th centuries began crumbling at its foundations. Small enclaves of ethnic and flag-waving(a) groups sprouted throughout their native countryside, binding their people together to rise a make believest their enemies and oppressors. The thought of independence from the foreign rulers, from the class system they set up, and from the atrocities they committed to gain control of the land was more than enough to motivate the fellow countrymen to take action. The foreigners, however, stood confused, wondering how such(prenominal) a great colony turned into such a massive conflict.The inferds of oppression and cruelty were sown year after year, and finally bore fruit. What these foreigners didnt consider, however, was that there are galore(postnominal) ways of creating an empire. The papistical pudding stones standard of conglomeration is a better method of imperialism than the exploitative approach employed by 19th century nations. The Roman Empire neer fell by a rotary motion from its own people. Rather, m whatsoever of its subjects lived life as either full-time or infract-time citizens of the empire. Many of the conquered people were habituated some semblance of citizenship, as provincials.The Empire, however, did provide the newly-conquered the opportunity to become a citizen, provided they meet certain qualifications or expectations. In the study of Roman affairs, it is found that, the Roman government worked to maximize the number of persons to whom Roman ius civile, the law of Roman citizens, applied Beginning with the reign of the emperor Augustus (27 B. C. E. -14 C. E. ), institutionalized practices permitted provincials to become citizens, generally by dowery either in the Roman army or on a city council.While the Roman Empire continued its oppressive conquest of Europe, it continually sought to make conquered lands and their people a part of Roman life and economy. By providing the conquered a chance to someday bec ome a Roman citizen, there was little incentive to rebel and revolt against the Empire. The Western stance on imperialism, however, was based off of an ideology much more different than the Romans. The general consensus many European countries shared was that Europeans were, racially speaking, superior to any other race, and as such, were predetermined to rule the rest of the world.One such instance is given in a speech given by Jules take at the French Chamber of Deputies in 1883. At one point, Ferry states that in effect, superior races pick out rights over inferior races. When questioned about the rights of man, he promptly replies that, if the declaration of the rights of man was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa, the by what right do you impose regular craft upon them? They have not called upon you. While the French were, like the Romans, interested in expanding, the justification by which they use extend themselves onto other lands are not the resembling.Ferry i s of the opinion that because the French are a superior race, they should embark on a conquest over inferior races and makes them work for the benefit of the French Empire, without any of the same rights as a French citizen. The difference is that while the Romans implemented a system to someday incorporate their newly-conquered people, the French were only planning on exploiting their grok and commerce without ever extending to the people the same rights the French enjoyed.This exclusion did not go unnoticed among the French colonies, and would be a foundation for revolution in the coming years. But what about in colonies where there existed such a small opportunity for advancement? In colonies like India, there were chances for an Indian to learn like scholars, and as a result of such education, could communicate effectively with their ruling British counterparts. In fact, many of the Indians who had such education could see the flaws the colony had to address, and hoped to work with the British on fixing such problems.William Duiker writes that members of the (Indian National Congress) did not demand immediate independence and accepted the need for reforms at the same time, they called for an Indian share of the governing process and more spending on economic development The British however, lock shared the same Western printing of racial superiority as the French, and as a result, remained convinced that British rule over India is still the best thing. Duiker states that the British responded with a few concessions moreover in general, change was glacially slow3.Great Britain remained focused on keeping Indias resources, and giving Indians the same rights as British citizens was never part of the plan. Dissent grew over the imbalance of government, and the same people who were educated by the British were now starting to realize that there lay no prospective in pledging loyalty to British rule. One such man, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, spoke openly against Gr eat Britain at the Indian National Congress in 1907. Pax Britannica has been constituted in this country in order that a foreign government may exploit this countryWe believed in the benevolent intentions of the government, but in politics there is no benevolence. Benevolence is used to sugarcoat the declarations of self-interest and we were in those days deceived by the apparent benevolent intentions under which rampant self-interest was obscure Great Britains biggest concern was for itself and its interests, and never intended to follow through on any plans benevolent to the Indian people. Even after being provided with an education, Indians still would never attain the same level of citizenship and respect that Britons night receive.The British Empire never expanded into India to make Indians a part of Great Britain its textiles, teas, and labor were more than enough. With the chance to become fellow British citizens practically non-existent, many Indians soon turned to rebelli on, boycotts, and a push for independence. Without the opportunity to ascend into British society, the Indians were odd with no choice but to stay as loyal subjects of the British Crown, or call for independence.To conclude, the Roman Empire, while it may not have survived the analyse of time, used a method by which it kept its subjects content. The path for upward mobility in society was available to those who wanted it. The 19th century imperialist countries, however, such as France and England, felt that it was only necessary to implement brute force and harsh laws to get the same output from their subjects in distance colonies. Were it not for that genius of superiority, we might all still be loyal subjects of European nations.

Coffee Shops Essay

Whenever I am in need to study or just want to start a place to hangout, what instantly springs to my mind is a coffee shop. There are many different coffee shops around me, but only star is my absolute favorite. My favorite coffee shop is Beca House. Beca House is a locall(a)y owned business and is only about twelve minutes from my house. It is the coziest little nook, where I usually spend my mornings before class eating breakfast and drinking my favorite espresso coffee drink. After all, coffee is the best way to wake up and get the body moving.As I walk into Beca House every morning, the strong bitter aroma of ground coffee beans drift through the air, plunge into my clothes as I make my way to the counter to place my order. The smell was circulating because the coffee bar is located near the left slope of the shop. The first attraction for me was the baked goods. They are tidily placed in the transparent glass cabinet, lining up and waiting for me to eat them all. There were all different types of baked goods like muffins, streusels, cheesecakes, cookies, and biscottis. Up above near the ceiling of the bar, there were an assortment of coffee beans packed into brown bags.The barista takes my order, large campfire frappe, double espresso. On a cooler day, I order a hot vanilla cappuccino. The delicious smell of coffee generates from the espresso machines. There is also a blackboard on the counter near the menu with a quote written with chalk that will change from day to day. The barista hands me my custom beverage order, and I saunter back to the front of the coffee shop to find a place to get comfortable. All along the walls of the shop are strategically placed vintage paintings and inspirational quotes.Dim lights shine on the spaced out vintage article of furniture, making for a very soothing and quiet atmosphere. No two pieces of furniture are the same, big couches, small wooden chairs, dark colored pillows, and rustic end tables. I like admiring th is type of environment soothing and calming, yet up to now inviting. In comparison to most restaurants, coffee shops are by no means a noisy place. The sound of chatters and laughter blends together with the background harmony playing around the shop, and the volume is set at a medium tone.Coffee shops provide a comfortable, yet sociable gathering spot for spate of all ages. I often find peers of my own studying for big tests, writing papers, or maybe just reading a new earmark and relaxing. The Beca House is my favorite part to my day. I cannot start without it. Even on days that I do not have class, I find myself get my daily cup of coffee at the crack of dawn, just before work. Stopping at Beca House has become part of my daily routine, and I do not see it being cut out any time soon. I know I go there a lot when the baristas know my order when I walk through the door. Theres something so perfect about it being just me, my thoughts, and my morning cup of coffee.

Abraham Lincoln: Civil War President Essay

I am natur all toldy anti-slavery. If slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong. Abraham capital of NebraskaWhat seems to be very superficial ab verboten the nature and character of Abraham capital of Nebraska proves to be quite profound after an extensive investigation of his life. Mystifying his contemporaries and modern font historians alike, the numerous volumes of scholarly research over the past 150 years is evidence of the challenges incidental to unraveling the complexities of the man m any refer to as the great emancipator. Richard Carwadines capital of Nebraska A Life of Purpose and Power and William Gienapps Abraham capital of Nebraska and elegant fight America present excellent biographical research that logical argument and compliment their subject and describe the extenuating circumstances that only adds to capital of Nebraskas complexity. Carwadines research covers familiar ground but sets itself apart by focusing closely on questions about Lincolns political ambition and agenda and his exercise of power.See more The stages of consumer buying stopping point plow essayThe American public is quick to judge their presidents epoch assessing their achievements overcritically and without re distribute. Carwadine argues that Lincolns great achievement was to set ambitious but tangible political goals to fathom the thinking of ordinary citizens and to reach out to them with uncommon assurance and to hone his impressive skills as a manager of the often runny and fractious elements that made up the political parties to which he belonged. 2 Gienapps primary ambition is to show how the green, upstart president handled the four years of crisisand how he became such(prenominal) an extraordinary war leader.3The transformation from his humble origins as a rail-splitter to masterful politician and leader of the nation appears to simply defy explanation. However, Lincoln dust and enigma for many people. He is confusing, vexed to understand, and by many acc ounts, appears to be incapable of executing the simplest of tasks. Yet, this is the wonder of Lincolns character and what makes him appealing to so many. His ambitionand particularly his hunger for public recognitionhad been evident from his young manhood in the early 1830s. 4 Obviously, in order to develop a greater fellow feeling of who Abraham Lincoln was, one must take a brief look into his childhood. Modern psychologists mightiness suggest that Lincolns family was very dysfunctional.His dons constant relocation of the family and never seeming to be satisfied to pass more than a simple farmer, only contributed to the strained birth in the midst of Lincoln and his father. Most prominent people through and throughout history have often cited a p atomic number 18nt, sibling, or other close relative or agonist as having been a great influence on their life. no. so for Lincoln who upon losing his mother to milk sickness, went on to form a constructive and digest bond with hi s stepmother. A remarkable woman, Sarah Bush Lincoln exerted an enormous influence on Abrahamwho he called Mama. He later said that she had been his best Friend in this world and that no Son could love a Mother more than he loved her. 5The same cannot be said of Lincolns relationship with his father, which at best was superficial and distant. When Lincoln received word of his fathers failing health and was requested to return home at once, Lincoln declined to come to his fathers side. When his father passed on, Lincoln did not attend the funeral. It was a testament to his feelings toward his father. And, if Lincoln had ever harbored any ill will or inner hatred about his father, he never let it be known.Lincoln seldom discussed his relationship with his father, let alone his family, and his reticence was quite characteristic of the man who would more or lessday maintain the same trait as president. I would argue that their troubled relationship was the primary reason that throughou t his life, Abraham Lincoln keenly regretted the lack of educational opportunities in his youth. 6Lacking the stability of a consistent family life, Lincoln was not afforded the type of educational opportunities that most of his contemporaries enjoyed. On the upside, Lincoln possessed the strong individualistic spirit that was epitomized by the frontier that served to enhance his image. Most would consider his constant reading as idleness, or simply be down right lazy. But for Lincoln, spending time in his books not only gave him time alone, which he craved, it also provided him the opportunity to learn and instill the all important characteristic of self-improvement.Not being one to hold grudges, Lincolns own experience of getting on in life tended to show rather than to blur his meritocratic vision, though the process was complex. 7 This philosophy would begin the foundation for Lincolns outlook on life and would eventually outperform his presidency. Many of Lincolns contempor aries, and modern historians, have suggested his views of self have contributed to his melancholic approach to life in general and the fatalistic view that pervades his idea process.Lincoln believed there was no freedom of will, that men had no free choice. 8 Perhaps this explains Lincolns indifference toward his father and family. It may even supercharge explain his apparent negativism and melancholy perspective on lifes events. Contrary to popular belief, however, fatalismdid not always show itself negatively in Lincoln, since it sometimes seems to have given him the assurance he needed to persist in whatever career of action he believed had been thus ordained. 9While some scholars might determine Lincolns fatalist outlook would be a detriment to his abilities to lead the nation, especially during the Civil War, I would argue to the unlike I believe it forced Lincoln to become more aware, more conscious, of his own ambitions and how he might individually impact society. Lincol n could become well frustrated and moody, I believe, because of his strong desire to surpass his fathers legacy. Not only was he a man of convictions, Lincoln would continually reach to become someone of significance.Politics would become the avenue by which he could do just that. Gienapp argues Lincolns greatest ambition had always been to serve in the Senate. 10 He possessed a strong desire to serve humankind and had the fortune to establish himself as a politician. It was during his time in the Illinois legislature, and later, through his debates with Stephen Douglas over the extension of slavery, that Lincoln developed his political ideals that would aid him during the tumultuous times in the White House.Lincoln seemed to possess an innate champion for the understanding of his constituency and direction of public opinion. With the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, he sensed a new moral outrage that existed not only in his home raise of Illinois, but also throughout much of t he northern United States. Although Lincoln had always keep his distaste for the institution of slavery, his moral passion now ran deeper as he shifted his primary focus from economic issues to slavery. 11 The adoption of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 would give rise to the formation of a new anti-slavery ships company that would eventually become the Republican Party. When discussion over the repeal of the Missouri Compromise surfaced, Lincoln avoided any discussion in his speeches of nativism, prohibition, or even economic issuesinstead, he focussed exclusively on the Kansas-Nebraska Act. 12It was at this time in his career that Lincoln was becoming a well-known and popular orator among the Illinois populace and was often invited to say outside his congressional district. Lincoln used these opportunities to begin to formulate and promote his thoughts on slavery. Although much of his argument was based on earlier anti-slavery leaders, such as Salmon P. Chase, Lincoln presented them in an unusually effective elan. 13 I believe it was during this time period that Lincoln also began to sense that he was destined to get hold of something great for mankind.I do not, however, believe he had intentions of becoming president, or ending slavery outright, but there seems to have existed a spark that burn a alone(predicate) passion within Lincoln that had not existed previously. I believe he began to formulate his most inward thoughts and outwardly transform them to align to public opinion. I must point out, however, that this did not mean Lincoln simply told the public what they wanted to hear, rather he possessed a unique skill in knowing when to reveal his opinions to the public and present them in a way that appealed to their common senses. Although not a charismatic speaker, Lincoln was fascinating and knew how to move a crowd.It was at this point in his career that the Declaration of Independence became a significant component of Lincolns thought. Haili ng it as the commencement precept of our ancient faith, he henceforth designated it (rather than the Constitution) as the nations founding charter. 14 This change of direction would become instrumental in Lincolns upward advancement through the American political process and explain the reasons why, as president, he would expand the constitutional powers of the presidency through the justification that his actions were out of necessity for the preservation of the Union.Just how did Lincoln become president? For many students of history Lincoln is an enigma. By modern standards, his humble background, gangly physical features (altogether unmixed as described by some), and irritating speech would hardly present the kind of credentials necessary to win a party nomination, until now alone, presidential election. However, in 1860, presidents were normally selected based on their potential to govern. A candidates skills and abilities along with previous governmental experience were par amount to winning the partys nomination, and hopefully, national election.Supporters were drawn to Lincolns nomination for the Republican Party as president. Lincoln was not a front-runner by any means. Yet his national notoriety and speeches on slavery, the 1858 Senatorial debates with Douglas, and pragmatic and humble nature manifest itself a grass-roots appeal among the partys delegates that would help to touch off him to the presidency. Americas new mass democratic forms had put a premium on the electable, or available, candidate. A sequence of nominations in every presidential race since 1840 had shown that national political standing and proven executive ability came in a poor second to supposed electoral availability. 15There are several avenues of research to follow regarding Lincolns presidency. I will conclude my paper by looking at the constitutional issues surrounding his decision to emancipate the slaves in 1863. One of Lincolns strengths as a war leader was that he al ways kept his focus on the bigger questions, rather than becoming embroiled in personal disputes. 16 From the onset, Lincoln made it clear that his intentions toward the Confederacy were to not interfere with slavery where it existed. He consistently maintained his opposition to the extension of slavery into the Western Territories. Despite his claims, eleven Southern assures would secede from the Union and form the Confederacy.The question now before the president was what course of action is required to end the state of rebellion that existed in the Southern part of the United States. The steps that Lincoln took during the early stages of the war showed an impressive and rude(a) grasp of strategic essentials. He had three main objectives.He must nourish and sustain northern political supportdo all in his power to streng hence the Unionist elements in the upper tier of slave statesprevent the war from becoming an international conflict. 17 The slave question was the most difficul t issue before the president. Because he had no constitutional power to interfere with slavery in the states, and because he needed to retain the support of Border States and Democrats, Lincolnrepeatedly defined his policy as restoration of the Unionwhich of course meant a Union with slavery. 18The issues over emancipation were complex. The Confederacy was already using slaves as laborers in their war effort. If Lincoln were to emancipate escaped slaves that reached Union lines, they too could be used for service in the Union army and navy. However, Lincoln was indisposed to adopt such a policy for fear of losing the Border States. Secessionist movements already existed in Maryland and in the wars early months, threatened to stick in Washington, D.C. and thus separate the nations capitol from the North. But as the war became a prolonged affair, Lincoln began referring to the term inbred means to preserve the Union. 19determine what exactly this meant was left over(p) to Lincolns interpretation that his actions, or means that under normal conditions would be deemed unnecessary, even extraconstitutional, might in extremis become an indispensable necessity to achieve a lawful end 20 and as field hands and military laborers, slaves gave the Confederates formidable strength. Extraordinary measuresemancipation by resolvehad become the indispensable means to preserve the national existence. 21Unfortunately for Lincoln, the issuance of the proclamation was also political. Without any major Union victory on the battlefield, emancipation might appear to be a last-ditch effort at winning the war. By mid-1862, when Lincoln first formed the basis of the proclamation, the Union army had yet to win a decisive battle against the Rebels in the Eastern Theater. The president would appear to have no real backing for issuing the emancipation proclamation until a decisive victory had been won.That opportunity came in mid-September when Lees army was forced to retreat from Mar yland after the battle of Antietam. Lincoln then took advantage of the Union victory and formally announced the proclamation on September 22, 1862. The emancipation proclamation would go into effect on January 1, 1863 and would only doctor those slaves residing in Southern states that remained in rebellion. With a stroke of the pen, Lincoln had changed the nature of the war. Both sides understood that the war had been fundamentally transformed, that the Union was no longer struggle to restore the old Union but to create a new one. 22Gienapp and Cawardine hold similar viewpoints in their overall assessment of Abraham Lincoln, however, their focus varies. In the electron orbit of the Civil War, Gienapp concludes that Lincoln became an accomplished and extraordinary presidenthad a sure sense of timing, knew when to stand firm and when to compromise, and displayed an absolute genius for getting individuals of diverse viewpoints to work on together. 23 There is nothing profound about his assessment and accurately represents the humble nature of Lincoln. Cawardines conclusion transcends Lincolns death that is embraced by what enthalpy Ward Beecher described as a new impulse of patriotism. 24Furthermore, he bequeathed an enhanced and ambitious nationalism to his successorswhosepractical policy grew from a strong sense of moral purpose and his course as president was shaped not by impulsive, self-aggrandizing action or self-righteousness, but by deep thought, extensiveness of vision, careful concern for consequences, and a remarkable lack of pride. 25 Even though Lincoln may remain an enigma to modern historians, one is hard press to fail to recognize the fortitude and courage of a man so humble, so simple, so unqualified to be president, but to recognize he sincerely yours arrived at his lifes ambitionto be a humble servant of his fellow man. What a powerful testament and legacy Lincoln left for posterity.1 Rasmussen, R. Kent. Library diary. Vol. 131, Issue 20 (Dec., 2006), p. 181. 2 Carwardine, Richard. Lincoln A Life of Purpose and Power. (New York Knopf Publishing), 2003, p. x. 3 Gienapp, William. Abraham Lincoln and Civil War America. (New York Oxford University Press), 2002, p. xi. 4 Carwardine, p. 3.5 Gienapp, pp. 4-5.6 Ibid., p. 5.7 Carwardine, p. 19.8 Guelzo, Allen. Abraham Lincoln and the Doctrine of Necessity. The ledger of Abraham Lincoln Association. Vol. 18, No. 1 (Winter, 1997), p. 57. 9 Ibid., p. 58.10 Gienapp, p. 53.11 Ibid. p. 50.12 Ibid.13 Ibid., p. 5114 Ibid.15 Carwardine, p. 111.16 Gienapp, p. 97.17 Carwardine, p. 164.18 McPherson, James. How President Lincoln Decided to Issue the Emancipation Proclamation. The daybook of Blacks in higher(prenominal) Education. No. 37 (Autumn, 2002), p. 108. 19 Carwardine, p. 198.20 Ibid.21 Ibid., p. 207.22 Gienapp, p. 125.23 Ibid., p. 192.24 Carwardine, p. 321.25 Ibid.BIBLIOGRAPHYThe journal articles and essays listed below provided a deeper understanding of Abraham Lincoln and wer e complimentary to the primary research materials for my paper. Each reading provided superfluous insight on Lincoln and served to enhance my completed paper. Ive only cited direct quotes and ideas from individual articles while inferring generalizations from the complete works listed below.The following essays provide critical analysis of Lincolns overall approach to the political process through the mental testing of his personal views and attitudes to the political climate during the antebellum and Civil War years.Carwardine, Richard. Lincoln, Evangelical Religion, and American Political Culture in the Era of the Civil War. Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. Vol. 18, No. 1 (Winter, 1997), pp. 27-55.Rawley, James. The Nationalism of Abraham Lincoln Revisited. Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. Vol. 22, No. 1 (Winter, 2001), pp. 33-88.Siemers, David. Principles Pragmatism Abraham Lincolns Method of Political Analysis, Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 4 (Dec. 2004), pp. 804-827.The following essays offer a concise overview of Lincolns handling of emancipation and the issue of civil liberties for blacks and the complications associated in dealing with the abolitionist movement and retention of Border States during his tenure in office.Berwanger, Eugene. Lincolns Constitutional Dilemma Emancipation and Black Suffrage. Papers of the Abraham Lincoln Association. Vol. 5 (1983), pp. 25-38.Gienapp, William. Abraham Lincoln and the Border States, Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. Vol. 13 (1992), pp. 13-46.Guelzo, Allen. Lincoln and the Abolitionists, The Wilson Quarterly (1976-), Vol. 24, No. 4 (Autumn, 2000), pp. 58-70.McPherson, James. How President Lincoln Decided to Issue the Emancipation Proclamation, The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, No. 37 (Autumn, 2002), pp. 108-109.An in-depth examination of Lincolns alternative to the law of war is masterfully presented in Burrus Carnahans Act of Justice Lincolns Emancipatio n Proclamation and the integrity of War. (Lexington University Pressof Kentucky), 2007.Although there exists a great deal of scholarship on the question of constitutional authority and executive power, these listed below offered a succinct overview of the manner in which Lincoln answered his critics and charges of extending executive power beyond what was historically granted the president and its impact on the modern executive.Balz, Herman. Abraham Lincoln and American Constitutionalism, The Review of Politics. Vol. 50, No. 2 (Spring, 1988), pp. 169-197.Fehrenbacher, Don and Tudor, Jacob. Lincolns Wartime Leadership The First Hundred Days, Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. Vol. 9 (1987), pp. 1-18.Guelzo, Allen. Abraham Lincoln and the Doctrine of Necessity, Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. Vol. 18, No. 1 (Winter, 1997), pp. 57-81.Hyman, H. M. Abraham Lincoln, Legal Positivism, and Constitutional History, Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. Vol. 13 (199 2), pp. 1-11.Kleinerman, Benjamin. Lincolns Example Executive Power and the extract of Constitutionalism, Perspectives on Politics. Vol. 3, No. 4 (Dec., 2005), pp. 801-816.McLaughlin, Andrew. Lincoln, the Constitution, and Democracy, International Journal of Ethics. Vol. 47, No. 1 (Oct., 1936), pp. 1-24.Underwood, James. Lincoln A Weberian Politician Meets the Constitution, Presidential Studies Quarterly. Vol. 34, No. 2 (Jun., 2004), pp. 341-365.Obviously, no study on Lincoln would be complete without the investigation into the conduct of the Civil War itself. The works listed below presented valuable insight into the challenges confront the newly elected president, theissues surrounding the restoration and Reconstruction of the nation, the origins of the development of the Union policy of total war, and lastly, the unique perspective of the manner in which the Southern spend fought during the war.Donald, David. The Confederate as a Fighting Man, The Journal of Southern History. Vol. 25, No. 2 (May, 1959), pp. 178-193.Kaczorowski, Robert. To Begin the Nation Anew Congress, Citizenship, and Civil Rights after the Civil War, The American Historical Review. Vol. 92, No. 1 (Feb., 1987), pp. 45-68.Ramsdell, Charles. Lincoln and Fort Sumter, The Journal of Southern History. Vol. 3, No. 3 (Aug., 1937), pp. 259-288.Sutherland, Daniel. Abraham Lincoln, John Pope, and the Origins of Total War, The Journal of Military History, Vol. 56, No. 4 (Oct., 1992), pp. 567-586.Scholarly research on the life and political career of Abraham Lincoln is nothing new. For my paper, the primary books selected for my research are not extraordinary, but serve to compliment the volumes of works dedicated to our nations sixteenth president. A well-known Civil War historian wrote one of my selected books while a non-American authored the second. I thought this would enhance my research that might present two varying biographical perspectives on Lincoln. I can honestly state that I was not disappointed by either work.Gienapp, William. Abraham Lincoln and Civil War. (New York Oxford University Press), 2002.Carwardine, Richard. Lincoln A Life of Purpose and Power. (New York Knopf Publishing), 2003.

Conflict in the Most Dangerous Game Essay

Have you ever wondered how authors create or compose shrink fromict into their stories? An author uses a method or guidance of developing conict into the story using plots. Most stories follow a plot to construct the remarkable events of the story. Conicts are genuinely important in a story to help make the story more interesting and entertaining in its own way.Authors use conicts in all genres of piece and storytelling. When authors write a story with a conict they usually build upon the story with many smaller problems called rising conicts. They use these small encounters or problems to help amp up the story and make it more interesting. In some genres of writing the rising conicts help the reader to understand and predict what will happen in the main conict of the story. They hint and tease the reader into persuasion what will happen by making that environment with the rising encounters. When the main conict hits in most stories it feels like a slap in the spirit because y ou most likely had no idea what was going to happen. The conict is supposed to surprise the reader and change the story completely.Once the conict hits its over very soon and often there is no looking back. Thats one of the reasons that writers chose to include conict in their stories. In The Most Dangerous Game , Richard Connell provides one way of rising conict called Human vs Nature. This form of rising conict shows a struggle between the character and the situation the character is put into. When Rainsford fell mop up of the yacht, and stumbled onto sand, that was a example of Human Vs. Nature in the story. Next, after the conict the story will take one of two paths, it could suddenly end, but it could confront on into the story using falling conicts.

Narrative techniques of Charles Dickens in Oliver Twist and David Copperfield Essay

Whatever I drive tried to do in living, I have tried with all(prenominal) my heart to do it well whatever I have devoted myself to, I have devoted myself completely in great aims and in small I have always thoroughly been in earnest.Charles the Tempter.Charles Dickens is considered as wizard of the greatest writers of all metres. His fluid language, the wise mind, the great writ decennary material technique, the sharp eye, made his works survive for more(prenominal) than 150 years. He is the precedent of more than twenty novels. All of them really appreciated from- guard lovers- since the age they were written until instantlyadays and, with great chance that they willing be order and appreciated in the centuries that will come.The purpose of this diploma thesis is the comparison of history techniques of O bouncingr work and David Copperfield. O inhabitr Twist belongs to the initiatory years of Dickenss literary works.1 It was very successful since its graduation exercise edition but, the critics dont list it as unrivaled of the most(prenominal) valu adequate works of Dickens.2 David Copperfield comes after twelve years of Oliver Twist and it is considered as one of the most achieved works of Charles Dickens. Dickens himself considers David as his dearie child.3 Speaking from the perspective of the archives, as the study will demonstrate, these cardinal novels belong to antithetical forms of tarradiddle. Oliver Twist is narrated by third person fabricator. In verbalism is considered simpler than David Copperfield. The narrator of David Copperfield is David himself meaning that the story is told by the main hero. This type of narration is a first person narration. However I will discuss near this in more details during the thesis.2. Biography of Charles DickensCharles John Huffam Dickens was an English novelist, generally considered the greatest of the Victorian period. Dickens enjoyed a wider popularity and fame than had any intro ductory compose during his lifetime, and he remainspopular, having been responsible for some of English belles-lettress most iconic novels and characters4. He was born(p) at Landport in Portsea on Friday, the seventh of February, 1812.5 Charles was the son of John, a clerk in the navy- recompense office and Lady Elizabeth Barrow. From the early years of his childhood, he hade to face the life of hardships and unwieldyies due to his fathers failure in maintaining the family. At the age of twelve he had to quit school because his family was being held into debtors prison. When he was fifteen he became a clerk in a law firm and later worked as a newspaper reporter. He published his first fiction in 1836 a series of character sketches called Sketches by Boz. The work was well-received, but its reception was nothing comp atomic number 18d to the international acclaim he received with the publication of The Pickwick Papers in the undermentioned year. 6 After this early blush of succ ess, Dickens took on the job as editor of Bentleys Miscellany, a literary magazine in which a number of his early works were serialized, including Oliver Twist (1837-9) and Nicholas Nickleby (1838-9).He left to begin his own literary magazine, Master Humphreys Clock, in 1840, and over the next ten years published many of his most famous novels in serial form, including The Old Curiosity Shop (1840-1), A Christmas Carol (1844), and David Copperfield (1849-50), perhaps the most autobiographic of all his novels. He made his first visit of USA in 1842. He had taken trips in other places like France, Italy and Switzerland but always reverting to his home. His journeys abroad influenced him a lot in his work. Other works were serialized in Household Words between 1850 and 1859, which was then succeeded by All the Year Round, which he edited until his death in 1870, publishing such novels as A Tale of Two Cities (1859), Great Expectations (1860-1), and Our Mutual Friend (1864-5). A worka holic to the end, Dickens died of a stroke in 1870 after having penned a chapter of The Mystery of Edwin Drood, his final (and unfinished) novel, the previous day.7 Although Dickens is distinguished for his great capability in writing fiction, in his bibliography ar included also various poems. Some of them ar8 A Childs hymn, A fine Old English Gentelman, Lucys Song, The Ivy Green, Little Nells Funeral etc. Dickens has produced a great treasure for the British literature. His novels have challenged the time and today are still present to impress every view as lover.3. Oliver Twist3.1. Plot 1 of the novelOliver Twist is the second book of Charles Dickens. As in many of his novels, the spring here also displays the intemperateies of young children in the English nightspot of XIX century. The story is close to an orphan who has to live a life of hardships since the day he was born. When he is at the age of baseball club he works at a work rest home but after his promiscuous beg ging Pl move sir, I wishing some more he is taken out the workhouse. After the work house he was hired to an undertaker but from the ill treatment that he undergoes there he is forced to escape. The ugly child goes to London with the hope that things will get better in his life but there too he encounters many difficulties and meets people who want to take advantage of his innocence. However, the luck hasnt completely aban dod him since he meets some strong hearted people who take care of him and help him discover the riddle of his birth and find out who were his parents All the adventures of the book end happily. The bad guys pay their dues and the good ones find the tranquility and happiness.This is a very brief state of the plot since the analytic thinking will be focused in the narration and narrators point of view.3.2. Narrative formFrom the first paragraph of the novel the subscriber spate notice that the narrator speaks in third person Although I am not disposed to ma intain that the being born in a workhouse, is in itself the most fortunate and enviable circumstance that base possibly befall a human being, I do mean to say that in this ill-tempered instance, it was the best thing for Oliver Twist that could by possibility have occurred. The fact is, that there was considerable difficulty in inducing Oliver to take upon himself the office of respiration,a troublesome practice, but one which custom has rendered necessary to our easy existence and for some time he lay gasping on a puny fortune mattress, rather unequally poised between this world and thenext the balance being decidedly in favour of the latter. (O.T. Pg.4 Ch.I )9.A third person narration means that the story is recounted from someone outside the book, meaning that he/she is not a character in the book but, is able to observe the story from distance. To verify this I will render some passages which the narrator uses to tell that he is the teller of the story That Oliver Twist wa s moved to resignation by the example of these good people, I cannot, although I am his biographer, undertake to affirm with any degree of confidence but I can most distinctly say, that for many months he continued meekly to submit to the domination and ill-treatment of Noah Claypole. (O.T. Pg.37 Ch. VI)10 3.3. The influence of narrator in endorsers picAlthough the narrator is objective in most of his narration, when describing some characters he sides a little to influence the readers image around that character.When describing Noah Calypole his tone takes features of disgust and dislike. The narrator did this because his intention was to influence the readers judgement virtually the character With this, Mr. Claypole administered a kick to Oliver, and entered the shop with a honour air, which did him great credit. It is difficult for a large-headed, small-eyed youth, of lumbering make and heavy countenance, to look dignified under any circumstances but it is more especially s o, when superadded to these personal attractions are a red nose and yellow smalls. (O.T. Pg. 29 Ch.V).11 This happens also when the reader is chisel ind with Fagin, Bill Sikes and all other evil characters. When the reader first meets Fagin besides the repulsive interpretation of the character also the place where he lives appears as gloomy and gloomy Oliver, groping his way with one hand, and having the other firmly grasped by his companion, ascended with a lot difficulty the dark and low-pitched stairs which his conductor mounted with an ease and expedition that showed he was well acquainted with them. He threw open the door of a back-room, and drew Oliver in after him. The walls and ceiling of the room were perfectly grim with age and dirt. There was a deal table ahead thefire upon which were a candle, stuck in a ginger-beer bottle, two or three pewter pots, a skulk and butter, and a plate.12Influencing the readers image is a trick from narrators part that he also uses i n order to make ground for the image the reader is somewhat to create for a positive character. When the narrator describes Mr. Bronlown he makes a very pleasant description of him. The old gentleman was a very respectable-looking personage, with a pulverize head and gold spectacles. He was dressed in a bottle-green coat with a black velvet collar wore white trousers and carried a pert bamboo cane under his arm. (O.T. Pg.61Ch.X).13At some characters the narrator is a bit satirical. For example when he describes Mr. Bumble he is trying to make him look sappy in the readers eye Now, Mr. Bumble was a fat man, and a choleric so, instead of responding to this openhearted salutation in a analogous spirit, he gave the little wicket a tremendous shake, and then bestowed upon it a kick which could have emanated from no leg but a beadles. ( O.T. Pg.8 Ch.2).14When the narrator refers to Billie Sikes, he in the beginning refers to him as the man. After Billie commits the burglary it is rev ealed what he does and after this the narrator refers to him as the thief. At the end when he murders Nancy the narrator addresses to him as the murderer. The narrator labels this character with the crimes that he makes. This seems to happen because the story teller wants to declare the reader exactly with the features of that personage.In order to mark the characters of Fagin, Billie, Artful Dodger, and all the other members of the gang as the bad ones, the narrator makes their language rude and informal. When the narrator constructs their dialogues he uses the street slang, so the characters appear uneducated and ignorant.There are passages where the story teller represents the innocence of Oliver by making the reader understand some situations that Oliver is not able to. Not so heavy as they major power be, said the Jew, after looking at theinsides carefully but very neat and nicely made. Ingenious workman, aint he, Oliver? Very indeed, sir, said Oliver. At which Mr. Charles B ates laughed uproariously very much to the amazement of Oliver, who saw nothing to laugh at, in anything that had passed. (O.T. Pg.56 Ch.IX).153.4. Narrators point of viewIt is true that the hero of this book is a child and the story is constructed by the adventures that happen to him but, when Dickens wrote the book he also used it to show his points of view about the social live in England.At the beginning of the chapter II he describes the corresponds that the parish children live. The reader can observe that his tone is very satirical but at the akin time sad. He mocks with his satire the condition in which the Parish government lead the place. In the other hand he uses his language of sorrow when he describes how children suffer there. The esurient and destitute situation of the infant orphan was duly reported by the workhouse authorities to the parish authorities. The parish authorities inquired with dignity of the workhouse authorities, whether there was no female then d omiciled in the house who was in a situation to impart to Oliver Twist, the consolation and nourishment of which he stood in need. The workhouse authorities replied with humility, that there was not. (O.T. Pg.7 Ch.II).16The narrator makes the reader notice the broken system of justice in Victorian England. Throughout the chapter XI are constructed scenes in which the author with his satirical humor r represents the dysfunction of court at that time in England.In Oliver Twist Dickens tries to iron out the mentality of people who consider themselves above others 17.Dickens had suffered because of these kinds of people. And he speaks from his heart when he recounts the suffering of the little boy. In this novel, besides the interesting plot the reader can see the point of view and the concern of the narrator about many social problems that in reality were the point of view and the concern of Dickens himself.The critics dont classify the novel amongst the most valuable works of Dicken s but, it surely plays a great part in the success of the author as well known writer.184. David Copperfield4.1. Quick analysis of the plot.I am within three pages of the go across and am strangely divided, as usual in such cases, between sorrow and joy. Oh, my dear Forster, if I were to say half of what Copperfield makes me regain to-night, how strangely, even to you, I should be turned inside out I seem to be sending some part of myself into the Shadowy World.19I initiate the analysis of David Copperfield by these lines from the author himself, to demonstrate what his work meant to him. And this is not casual because Dickens, by Copperfield, has sent a part of his life to the readers. David Copperfield is regarded as an autobiographical book of Charles Dickens. His life and that of David have many similarities.20 His childhood of hardship, the work at wine house, later the work as reporter and in the end his life as a successful writer resemble very much the adventures of the m ain character in the novel. Despite these passages in David Copperfield, the author has also built some of the characters basing on people that really existed in his life. An example of this is Mr. Micawber who is a personification of Charles father (he also ended up in debtors prison), Dora who resembles Dickens first love etc.The domestic problems that Charles encountered during his lifetime are also disclosed in this novel. David Copperfield is considered one of Dickens most highly achieved works. He personally, in one of his Letter to John Forster states that David remains his favorite child21 However David Copperfield is not just a pure autobiography. Alongside the facts that relate the life of the author with that of the main character, inside the book are discussed and treated many social problems of the Victorian England.This brief introduction of the plot serves yet to have an idea about thenovel because as I previously mentioned the theme of the thesis is the comparison o f narration and the point of view of the narrator.4.2. Narrative formTo discuss about the narration I will start with the first lines of the novel.Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show22 These are the first lines of David Copperfield and those are the ones that intrigue the reader to continue his adventure with the book. However, despite the intriguing role, these lines also serve to show the reader who is cogent the story. The story teller is the protagonist, a data which will be elaborated throughout this paper work When David recounts the story of his birth at the beginning of the novel he tells it as he heard it from others who were there at that moment. To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve oclock at night.23 It is im attainable for anyone to remember the moment of his/her one birth so the narrator begins the recount of his life from what he was told. But he uses the dialogue of Mrs. Copperfield and Miss Betsy to tell the story. The narrator does this improvisation of the situation to introduce the reader with stories that happened before he was born. The first chapter is constructed this way.In the second chapter David starts being conscious about his surroundings. The first objects that assume a distinct presence before me, as I look far back, into the blank of my infancy, are my mother with her pretty hair and youthful shape, and Peggotty with no shape at all, and eyes so dark that they seemed to darken their whole neighbourhood in her face, and cheeks and arms so hard and red that I wondered the birds didnt peck her in preference to apples. (D.C. Pg. 20 Ch. II).24 Here are shown the first glimpses of narrators understanding of the world. However, we can notice a childish perspective from the narrator. This happens because the narrator tried to show to the reader exactly how he felt and thought at that time as a child. He narrates the story from the childs point of view in order that thereader can understand better the character of David. When Dickens wrote the novel he was about thirty eight years old.25 However his tone of narration is different in the course of the novel. The tone is different in the sense of maturity of the narrator. Further one I will discus about this side of narration.As I noted previously, in the beginning the tone is very childish and his thoughts are those of a little boy. When the narrator wrote the novel he appears to be put age man, still, he narrates the story from the eyes of a child. At the end of chapter XIV the tone of the narrator calms down a bit. The narrator creates this atmosphere to propose that Davids hardships as a child are over and now he feels safe. By this tone of narration Charles wants to transmit to the reader that the live of David will take a new turn, probably a better turn. He is saying farewell to the difficulties of little Davids life. However new challenges expect him in the further chapters. With the passing of chapters the narrator/ David grows up and matures. This means that his capacity of thinking and analyzing things matures together with him. So in further chapters we find David more attentive and more aware about his surroundings. At the beginning of the novel he was presented to us a invigorated child also, always paying attention to things, but now he has a sharper look toward things How miserable I was, when I lay downHow I thought and thought about my being poor, in Mr. Spenlows eyes about my not being what I thought I was, when I proposed to Dora about the chivalrous necessity of telling Dora what my worldly condition was, and releasing her from her engagement if she thought fit about how I should contrive to live, during the long term of my articles, when I was earning nothing about doing something to assist my aunt, and seeing no way of doing an ything about coming down to have no money in my pocket, and to wear a shabby coat, and to be able to carry Dora no little presents, and to ride no gallant greys, and to show myself in no agreeable light (D.C. Pg 470-Ch. XXXV).26After the death of Dora we can notice a more serious tone of the narrator. (D.C. Ch. LIII). It is like the narrator is trying to say that this loss has opened a new vision for David to see how life really is, difficult and unfair. This loss makes him reflect and though the pain didnt kill him madehim stronger, and stronger we will find him in the next chapters.4.3. The building of the charactersThe narrator does not turn his opinions about the character because by the way he describes them he lets the reader to have his/her one imagine about those characters. By the dialogue that Miss Betsey and Mrs. Copperfield have, it is possible for the reader to understand many details about these two characters. The reader creates the image of Mrs. Copperfield by the w ords she says and the decisions she makes. The narrator only shows the way he feels about her but doesnt impose his feelings to the reader. This also happens when the reader meets Peggottty. The narrator introduces the reader only with the physical description of the character. To understand the personage better we have to pay attention to her thoughts and attitudes.However, the narrator does not behave the same with all characters. When David first meets Uriah his description takes tones of repulsiveness and disgust. It was kinda as cadaverous as it had looked in the window, though in the grain of it there was that tinge of red which is sometimes to be observed in the skins of red-haired people. It belonged to a red-haired person a youth of fifteen, as I take it now, but looking much older whose hair was cropped as close as the closest stubble who had hardly any eyebrows, and no eyelashes, and eyes of a red-brown, so unsheltered and unshaded, that I remember wondering how he wen t to sleep. He was high-shouldered and bony dressed in decent black, with a white wisp of a farm animal buttoned up to the throat and had a long, lank, skeleton hand, which particularly attracted my attention, as he stood at the ponys head, rubbing his chin with it, and looking up at us in the chaise.(Pg. 20 Ch.XV).27 In the other hand the tone of the narrator when he meets Agnes is very pleasant and is noticed a manikin of admiration for her. On her face, I saw immediately the placid and sweet expression of the lady whose picture had looked at me downstairs.It seemed to my imagination as if the portrait had great(p) womanly, and the original remained a child. Although her face was quite bright and happy, there was a tranquillity about it, and about her a quiet, good, calm spirit that I neer have forgotten that I shall never forget. This was his little housekeeper, his daughter Agnes, Mr. Wickfieldsaid. (D.C. Pg.213 Ch. XV).28 The author does this in order to influence the rea ders image about the characters features and what inform previously the reader what to expect form that character.4.4. The placing of the narratorIn about 900 pages of David Copperfield are shown also stories of other personages besides that of David. In order to continue telling the story in the first person, Dickens uses various maneuvers to make this possible. In cases when describing a situation where the narrator wasnt present he uses the confession of other character. On the last night, in the evening, she kissed me, and said If my baby should die too, Peggotty, please let them lay him in my arms, and bury us together. (It was done for the poor honey lived but a day beyond her.) Let my dearest boy go with us to our resting-place, she said, and tell him that his mother, when she lay here, blessed him not once, but a thousand times. (D.C. Pg131 Ch. IX).29 He describes these situations by dialogue with him and that character. Another situation is when only a specific character tells the story and in some other passages David interferes in that narration by adding his impressions about that situation. In these situations the narrator also analyzes the event by his point of view.The reader can encounter some parts in the novel where the narrator is not involved in a situation but, for the sake of narration he places himself in that event as a watchman I said something to the effect that it was a lady whom I had seen before, in a few words, to my conductress and had scarcely done so, when we heard her voice in the room, though not, from where we stood, what she was saying. (D.C. Pg. 668 Ch. XLVII).30In order to tell how Uriah Heep and Mr. Littimer ended up, Charles makes a smart move where he invents a visit to the prison where these two were paying for their crimes (Ch LX).Another smart move of the narrator is as well the chapter when Mr. Peggotty visits David and recounts him how the emigrants are doing in the far land of Australia. The narrator puts th e correspondence into Mr. Peggottys pocket(D.C. Ch. LXII). Due to this correspondence David is able to tell the story by his own words. In this way the narration though not about David, still remains in the first person.4.5. divergent approaches toward situationsWhen analyzing his point of view about things that happened, there are different approaches from narrators part.From time to time, while rummaging into his departed, the narrator reveals that he has the same feelings about a specific situation or person. I fell at once into a solitary condition, apart from all friendly notice, apart from the society of all other boys of my own age, apart from all companionship but my own spiritless thoughts, which seems to cast its gloom upon this paper as I write. (D.C. Pg. 146 Ch. X).31 But, there are other parts in the book where the narrator now recounts the story with a different approach towards that situation from the moment when it occurred. It seems like the time has passed and the narrators attitude toward some things and ideas has changed, which is a natural thing to happen. They did just what they liked with me and wormed things out of me that I had no desire to tell, with a certainty I blush to think of, the more especially, as in my juvenile frankness, I took some credit to myself for being so confidential and felt that I was quite the patron of my two respectful entertainers. (Pg. 243Ch XVII).32Being an autobiography the author has still some remembrances about how he felt when he witnessed some events. So, when he remembers the past he also describes the sensation that he experienced at that time. There was a trembling upon her, that I can see now. The coldness of her hand when I touched it, I can feel yet. (D.C. Pg. 413 Ch. XVV).33 It looks like he is living that moment and he is addressing it directly to the reader. At some passages the narrator laments some decisions that he took and now that he writes the story he has a different point of view about those decisions. I was a boyish husband as to years. I had known the softening influence of no other sorrows or experiences than those recorded in these leaves. If Idid any wrong, as I may have done much, I did it in mistaken love, and in my want of wisdom. I write the exact truth. It would avail me nothing to extenuate it now. ( D.C. Pg.602 Ch. XLIV).344.6. The revelation of the narratorThe chapter Tempest is very important in the narrative sense. At the beginning the author states that the things that he is writing at this stage dont have very much time that has occurred I now approach an event in my life, so indelible, so awful, so bound by an infinite variety of ties to all that has preceded it, in these pages, that, from the beginning of my narrative, I have seen it growing larger and larger as I advanced, like a great tower in a plain, and throwing its fore-cast fanny even on the incidents of my childish days. (D.C. Pg. 731 Ch LV).35 Besides this fact, the narrator als o confirms that this is the story of his life and he is approaching the end of his narration. Another detail in this chapter about the narration is that David places himself in the region where the tempest happened. This is a way of making possible the continuance of the narration in the first person We came to Ipswich very late, having had to fight every inch of ground since we were ten miles out of London and found a cluster of people in the market-place, who had risen from their beds in the night, fearful of fall chimneys.36Four chapters of the novel, called Retrospect are narrated in the present tense. It looks like he is living these moments at the time the he is writing. Those lines have something poetic in them. They flow like a river from narrators pen and the reader is the sea that receives them (D.C.chap. XVII, XLIII, LIII, LXIV).5. Similarities between Oliver Twist and David CopperfieldIt is a failure to try to draw a parallel between the forms of narration of these two novels because, Oliver Twist and David Copperfield in the narrative form, are two contrary poles. Oliver Twist is recounted from the third person narrator whereas David Copperfield belongs to the firstperson narrator. But, if we dig into the depths of the subjects, the reader can find many similarities, which represent the point of view of the narrator. Dickens lived in a time where the society in England had many disorders and inequalities. Some of them are discussed in both novels. In both novels the main characters are children. With the difficulties these characters are challenged, the narrator tries to present the difficult life that orphan children have to go through. By his satirical tone Dickens addresses his narration to the ear of authorities who were responsible for those children. But this was not only an appeal for the authorities who were responsible for those children but also for the society in general to be more attentive and show more compassion for those children .Dickens also represents the difficult conditions in which those children were obliged to work in order to survive. Dickens, with the portrait of these two characters, arouses the voice for the poor law about the childrens labor. He not only questions the poor law but, also puts a question mark whether the children should work at all. The atrocities that Oliver suffers in the undertakers shop and, the difficult job of David in the wine house illustrate Dickens concerns about that matter. Suffering in his flesh the life of hardships as a child, the author was really concerned about this. I can say that the author writes with personal references about this matter.The other subject that Dickens treats in both novels is (if I can name it like this) the im good women. The moral of women was a delicate subject in the era of Victorian England but, Dickens finds a way to treat this matter with much careful in both novels. The author does not prejudice them, just the contrary he treats them as human beings and explains the reason why those women decided to take the path of immorality. In Oliver Twist the character of Nancy is indicated to be a prostitute. The narrator never states this but, indirectly, all the description of this girl can lead the reader to that conclusion. Even in these circumstances the author manages to have the Victorians reader attention without offending him or her. By the portrait of Nancy, the author explains the reason how some of these women have no excerption but to take the life of sin. She was an orphan with no one to love or take care of her. To survive she had to do what she could. The character of Nancy is presented in both sides of the medal.She wasliving a life of shame however, she shows her good heart when she tries to help Oliver escape. Anyway, although the narrator somehow justifies her decision and makes the reader pity her, he makes her pay for the live she led. And the best way to do this was by not letting her live anymore.I n David Copperfield are two women who torment the society with their indecency. The first one is Emily who abandonees her fianc in order to climb the higher class of the society and become a lady. However, she shows her repentance from the beginning in her letter of goodbye. This way even though she pull an immorality she was not presented as a monstrous person. However in the end, the author convicts her with the isolated life in Australia and although she becomes a worthy member of society in the far land, she is destined to live alone. The second character is Martha. She is an orphan also and she falls into the life of sin. Just like Nancy in Oliver Twist the author never mentions the word to label her but, every reference to her leads that she is a prostitute. The author makes the reader feel sorry for her and maybe forgive her when she helps David find Emily.The author rewards her with a new life in Australia and a descent husband. Previously in the research I have mentioned t he way in which the narrator describes the characters ( Pg. 6, 11). Since I have elaborated this above I will not deal in detail with it here. I will just show briefly that the form is the same in both novels. At some characters the narrator uses their dialogue to show their characteristics. In some cases the narrator uses his own thoughts to influence the readers image towards certain character. Dickens has used both methods in both novels so I can consider this as a similarity between these two objects of my research. Being written by the same author it is very probable that these two novels have much more in common besides the points which I have mentioned. However, they do not belong to the subject of my research.6. ConclusionIn this thesis I have tried to compare the base on which these two novels are constructed, the narration. These novels belong to two different narrations. David Copperfield is considered as a masterpiece whereas Oliver Twistis not so much distinguished. How ever, speaking in the plain of popularity they both are at the same level. Due to the images the narrator uses the reader feels sorry for the way Oliver was brought up. The famous expression that the hunger forces the poor boy to utter enrapture sir, I want some more , has the power to make a reader cry from compassion. Because of the fluid language with which the narrator pictures the beautiful landscapes, the reader runs from his recital place to those landscapes. The accurate description of characters and their smart construction of dialogues create in the readers mind a perfect image for each character. write up is the essential column in the construction of a novel. It is the key to make the reader cry from sorrow, feel repulsive from the disgust or make him/her feel the fresh air of meadows and sense the odor of roses. Dickens had the talent to create all these effects in his novels but not only. Due to his kind and down(p) heart we are able to see the things from a poor litt le boy perspective and feel the irony with which he describes those people who look down on others. Because of Dickenss sharp eye the reader is able to observe Uriahs bad intentions. The city of London comes to our room because of his accurate description of it. Despite their different forms of narration Dickens in both of the novels has treated some similar subjects. In both novels are displayed the suffering of two boys in the conditions of Victorian England. The hard conditions in which children are allowed to work, the morality of women the function of courts are some of them.When I read these novels except the satisfactory function that the art of literature can give you, I was introduced to new horizons of thinking and analyzing things. During the research I have read many appreciations that critics have addressed to Dickens. And, after I read and analyzed some of his novels I could not do more but strongly agree with those critics.Bibliography1. Dickens, Charles, Oliver Twist , Web-Books.com2. Dickens, Charles, David Copperfield, Project Gutenberg (2006)3. Forster, John, The Life of Charles Dickens Vol. I, Cambridge University Press (2011)4. Forster, John, The Life of Charles Dickens Vol. II, Cambridge University Press (2011)5. Chesterton, G., K. Appreciation and Criticism of the Works of Charles Dickens, Gutenberg Project

Management information system Introduction

IntroductionThe nature of capital punishment failure in information governances can typically mental image from project scenario development to final murder.The implementation failures range from concept generation stage where the idea is conceived, to defining budgets, software product modifications and use of external consultants carefully.The following sections describe the factors which directly or indirectly influences the system implementation failure.The implementation failure of an information system largely depends on the system project itself and the versatile external and internal factors which influences its existence and self being (Heeks, 2002). The various aspects which can be attributed for implementation failures are the following1. Top management leadership issues The participation and interest of the higher management in getting the system implemented well through the initiation phases. The degree of ownership is largely lacking when it comes to active partic ipation and commitment.a. Business case development failure The commitment of higher management towards answering the business workflow model questions and simplifying the flow of their business is largely lacking. The amount of passion and determination impact the failure of the implementation.Solution be the events of requirements gathering in terms of business words such as time, effort and money would make them aware of the implementation issues and their contribution in thriving development of the system.b. Lack of focus and involvement After the system development project is provided to a vendor, it is usually taken for granted that the responsibilities of the top management is ideal at that point and the vendor is completely responsible for getting across the ideas and come up with a deliverable.Solution Understanding the systems development process which all involves the business flow model and their active participation.c. Lack of proper metrics to determine performanc e Often the value added resources in the brass section has an undefined approach associated with it. The cost of quality, inventory levels, throughput and flow, overall equipment effectiveness, on-time deliveries and customer satisfaction measures moldiness be translated into time and cost.Solution Appropriate attachment of value to intangible resources in an organization must be done at all levels.2. People issues The change management issues of people in an organization are quite responsible for implementation failures.a. Averse towards change The primary factor is the minds of people for whom the technology is implemented. If they are not able to take the change in a imperative panache in affecting their working habits, the system would be rendered useless (Casey, 2005).Solution Accepting the real world or digital challenges by the people to understand the positive challenges concerned with system output and employee output. The amount of long term success which a system woul d guarantee is unknowingly outstanding to organization.b. Low Trust in system The output level of the organizations processes after the implementation of the system is taken as a probable issue and accounts for its failure.Solution System must be operated in right spirit for its well being and use.3. Deployment methodsa. Weak deployment strategies The strategies which are enforced in deploying the system in the organization is challenging to the ecumenic working of the present system. The correct ascertainment and the management perspective to the process for implementation and deployment of the system in the organization would be an important element in its success. The phased implementation seems to be always the best however an information system and the associated organization must be well synchronized to implement the change.Solution Determination by the software vendor in collaboration with the higher management for deployment is a big issue which requires experience and comm itmentb. Lack of financial backing and training The lack of documentation would solvent in mismanagement of information and project related activities. The lack of training would make the employees feel uncomfortable to the systems operations and functions (Laudon, 2002).Solution Proper attention to documentation and training must be taken care.ConclusionThe implementation failures rest on the shoulders of both the organization and the software vendor. Enough collaboration and positive differential sentiment on both ends would result in making the right moves for implementation and reduce system failures.References / BibliographyCasey, Dermot (2005). Understanding the Situation ofInformation Systems Development Failure A grapheme for Pragmatism.Heeks, Richard (2002). Failure, Success and ImprovisationOf Information Systems Projects in Developing Countries.Laudon C. Kenneth and Jane P. Laudon (2002),Management Information System, 6th ed New York Tata McGraw Hill.